# Vocabulary 06: From Farm to Table

Unit 6, Food Systems and Production. The unit's 49 Tier 3 words across the four topics, with a one-line definition written for a grade 6 to 7 reader and columns for Turkish, Portuguese, and Spanish.

**Translation status: [check with a native speaker].** The Turkish, Portuguese, and Spanish columns are my best working translations and have not been verified by a native speaker. Use them for word banks and picture cards; have a native speaker, a bilingual colleague, or the ENL teacher check the whole table once before it is printed for students. Cooking words are the ones most likely to differ by country: what one country calls a way of cooking, another calls something else, and a few of these have no single everyday word in every language. Baking terms are the worst case, because "pó royal," "polvo de hornear," and "kabartma tozu" all describe the same jar but a student may know it by a brand name at home. **The English term stays on every card,** because students will see the English word on a real package, a real recipe, and a real station card.

Two words appear twice on purpose. "Scale" here means multiplying a recipe up, not the machine that weighs things (the machine is in Lesson 6.3 and is called a kitchen scale). "Control" here means the comparison batch in an experiment, not being in charge.

How lessons use this file: each lesson names its own Tier 3 words, and the handout for that lesson carries a word bank pulled from this table in the three languages. The site's Materials page prints this table as picture-ready cards. Twelve of these words are on the Unit 6 test, so the card is allowed on the two topic quizzes and not on the unit test.

## The table [check with a native speaker]

| # | Topic | English term | Student definition | Turkish | Portuguese | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6.1 | supply chain | All the people and places a food passes through on its way from where it grew to your plate. | tedarik zinciri | cadeia de suprimentos | cadena de suministro |
| 2 | 6.1 | producer | The farm, ranch, orchard, or fishery where the food starts. | üretici | produtor | productor |
| 3 | 6.1 | processor | The business that turns a raw food into a packaged product, like wheat into flour or milk into cheese. | işleyici (gıda işleme tesisi) | processador (indústria de alimentos) | procesador (planta procesadora) |
| 4 | 6.1 | distributor | The business that moves food from processors to stores, usually with trucks and a warehouse. | dağıtıcı | distribuidor | distribuidor |
| 5 | 6.1 | retailer | The store that sells food to the person who is going to eat it. | perakendeci (market) | varejista (loja) | minorista (tienda) |
| 6 | 6.1 | harvest | Picking or gathering a crop when it is ready. | hasat | colheita | cosecha |
| 7 | 6.2 | in season | The time of year when a food grows naturally near you. It is usually cheaper and fresher then. | mevsiminde | da estação | de temporada |
| 8 | 6.2 | local | Grown or made close to where you live, usually within a few hours' drive. | yerel | local | local |
| 9 | 6.2 | food miles | How far a food traveled from where it grew to where it is sold. | gıda kilometresi (gıdanın kat ettiği yol) | quilômetros dos alimentos (distância percorrida) | kilómetros de los alimentos (distancia recorrida) |
| 10 | 6.2 | farmers market | A place where growers sell their own food directly to people, usually outdoors and in season. | çiftçi pazarı (semt pazarı) | feira livre (mercado de produtores) | mercado de agricultores |
| 11 | 6.2 | CSA (community supported agriculture) | You pay a farm at the start of the season and get a box of its food every week. | topluluk destekli tarım (CSA) | agricultura apoiada pela comunidade (CSA) | agricultura apoyada por la comunidad (CSA) |
| 12 | 6.4 | food insecurity | Not being sure you will have enough food, or enough of the right food, for everyone in your household. | gıda güvencesizliği | insegurança alimentar | inseguridad alimentaria |
| 13 | 6.4 | food desert | An area where people cannot easily reach a store that sells enough affordable, fresh food. | gıda çölü | deserto alimentar | desierto alimentario |
| 14 | 6.4 | SNAP | A government program that helps families pay for groceries. It used to be called food stamps. | SNAP (ABD gıda yardımı programı) | SNAP (programa de ajuda alimentar dos EUA) | SNAP (programa de ayuda alimentaria de EE. UU.) |
| 15 | 6.4 | food pantry | A place in the community that gives food to people who need it, usually for free. | gıda bankası | banco de alimentos | banco de alimentos (despensa de alimentos) |
| 16 | 6.3, 6.5 | compost | Food scraps and plant waste that break down into material that feeds soil instead of going to a landfill. | kompost | composto (adubo orgânico) | compost (abono orgánico) |
| 17 | 6.5 | crop rotation | Planting different crops in the same field in different years so the soil does not wear out. | ekim nöbeti (münavebe) | rotação de culturas | rotación de cultivos |
| 18 | 6.5 | irrigation | Bringing water to crops on purpose, with pipes, sprinklers, or channels. | sulama | irrigação | riego |
| 19 | 6.5 | packaging | The box, bag, can, or wrapper a food comes in. | ambalaj | embalagem | empaque (envase) |
| 20 | 6.6 | dry heat | Cooking with hot air, hot metal, or fire, and no added water. It browns food. | kuru ısı | calor seco | calor seco |
| 21 | 6.6 | moist heat | Cooking with water or steam. It softens food but does not brown it. | nemli ısı | calor úmido | calor húmedo |
| 22 | 6.6 | bake | Cook with dry heat inside an oven. | fırında pişirmek | assar (no forno) | hornear |
| 23 | 6.6 | roast | Cook with dry heat in an oven, usually a large piece of meat or whole vegetables. | kızartmak (fırında bütün pişirmek) | assar (carne ou legumes) | rostizar (asar) |
| 24 | 6.6 | broil | Cook with strong dry heat coming from above, very close to the food. | üstten ızgara yapmak | gratinar (grelhar por cima) | gratinar (asar por arriba) |
| 25 | 6.6 | sauté | Cook quickly in a small amount of fat in a pan, moving the food. | az yağda soteleme | saltear | saltear (sofreír) |
| 26 | 6.6 | boil | Heat a liquid until big bubbles rise fast. | kaynatmak | ferver | hervir |
| 27 | 6.6 | simmer | Heat a liquid so small bubbles rise slowly. Gentler than boiling. | kısık ateşte pişirmek | cozinhar em fogo baixo | cocer a fuego lento |
| 28 | 6.6 | steam | Cook with the steam above boiling water, without the food touching the water. | buharda pişirmek | cozinhar no vapor | cocer al vapor |
| 29 | 6.6 | poach | Cook gently in hot liquid that is below a boil. | haşlamak (suda hafifçe pişirmek) | escaldar (cozinhar em líquido quente) | escalfar |
| 30 | 6.6 | browning | The change in color and flavor that happens when dry heat hits the surface of food. | kızarma (esmerleşme) | dourar (escurecimento) | dorado (pardeamiento) |
| 31 | 6.7 | leavening | Whatever makes a batter or dough rise. | kabartıcı | fermento (agente de crescimento) | leudante |
| 32 | 6.7 | baking powder | A leavening that already has both parts it needs inside it, so it works with any liquid. | kabartma tozu | pó de bolo (pó royal) | polvo de hornear |
| 33 | 6.7 | baking soda | A leavening that needs an acid in the recipe, like buttermilk, yogurt, or vinegar, to make it work. | karbonat | bicarbonato de sódio | bicarbonato de sodio |
| 34 | 6.7 | variable | The one thing you change on purpose in an experiment. | değişken | variável | variable |
| 35 | 6.7 | control | Everything you keep the same, so you know the change came from the variable. | kontrol (karşılaştırma grubu) | controle (grupo de comparação) | control (grupo de comparación) |
| 36 | 6.7 | hypothesis | Your prediction, written down before you test it. | hipotez | hipótese | hipótesis |
| 37 | 6.13 | yield | How many portions a recipe actually makes. | verim (kaç porsiyon çıkıyor) | rendimento (quantas porções) | rendimiento (cuántas porciones) |
| 38 | 6.13 | scale (a recipe) | Multiply every ingredient so the recipe feeds more people. | ölçeklendirmek (tarifi büyütmek) | ajustar a receita (multiplicar) | escalar la receta (multiplicar) |
| 39 | 6.13, 6.15 | unit price | What one ounce, one pound, or one count costs. It is how you compare two sizes. | birim fiyat | preço por unidade | precio por unidad |
| 40 | 6.14 | critical path | The one step everything else waits on. If it is late, everything after it is late. | kritik yol | caminho crítico | ruta crítica |
| 41 | 6.14 | flowchart | A plan drawn in time blocks that says who does what, when. | akış şeması | fluxograma | diagrama de flujo |
| 42 | 6.14 | station card | The one page at a station: the ingredients, the numbered steps, the safety reminders, and what done looks like. | istasyon kartı | cartão da estação | tarjeta de la estación |
| 43 | 6.11, 6.17 | place setting | One person's plate, fork, spoon, napkin, and cup, arranged the right way. | kişilik sofra düzeni | lugar à mesa (arrumação do prato) | cubierto (puesto en la mesa) |
| 44 | 6.11, 6.17 | host | The person who welcomes people to the table and serves them first. | ev sahibi | anfitrião | anfitrión |
| 45 | 6.10 | cuisine | The cooking of one place or one people: its ingredients, its methods, and its dishes. | mutfak (bir ülkenin yemek kültürü) | culinária (cozinha de um povo) | cocina (gastronomía) |
| 46 | 6.10 | tradition | Something a family or a people has done the same way for a long time and passes on. | gelenek | tradição | tradición |
| 47 | 6.13, 6.17 | food cost | What the ingredients in a dish actually cost. | gıda maliyeti | custo dos alimentos | costo de los alimentos |
| 48 | 6.13, 6.17 | per serving | The cost or the amount for one person. | porsiyon başına | por porção | por porción |
| 49 | 6.18 | ServSafe | A food safety certificate. A high school student can earn it, and restaurants ask for it. | ServSafe (gıda güvenliği sertifikası) | ServSafe (certificado de segurança alimentar) | ServSafe (certificado de seguridad alimentaria) |

## Sentence starters

Print these on the back of the role cards, the dish research card, and the project reflection. **[check with a native speaker]** [Sal: swap in the Turkish and Portuguese starters you already use at Brentwood if they read better than these.]

### For a lab role (Lessons 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.16)

| English | Turkish | Portuguese | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|
| My role is ___. My job is to ___. | Görevim ___. İşim ___ yapmak. | Minha função é ___. Meu trabalho é ___. | Mi puesto es ___. Mi trabajo es ___. |
| My job in this block is ___. | Bu bölümdeki görevim ___. | Meu trabalho neste bloco é ___. | Mi trabajo en este bloque es ___. |
| The next step is ___. | Sıradaki adım ___. | O próximo passo é ___. | El siguiente paso es ___. |
| I need the ___, please. | ___ lazım, lütfen. | Preciso do ___, por favor. | Necesito el ___, por favor. |
| Careful, this is hot. | Dikkat, bu sıcak. | Cuidado, está quente. | Cuidado, esto está caliente. |
| Teacher, we are ready for the oven / the drain. | Öğretmenim, fırın için / süzmek için hazırız. | Professor, estamos prontos para o forno / para escorrer. | Maestro, estamos listos para el horno / para colar. |
| We are done when ___. | ___ olduğunda bitmiş olacak. | Estará pronto quando ___. | Estará listo cuando ___. |
| Our station is clean. Everything is put away. | İstasyonumuz temiz. Her şey yerinde. | Nossa estação está limpa. Tudo guardado. | Nuestra estación está limpia. Todo está guardado. |

### For the dish research card (Lesson 6.10)

| English | Turkish | Portuguese | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|
| This dish is called ___ and it comes from ___. | Bu yemeğin adı ___ ve ___ mutfağından geliyor. | Este prato se chama ___ e vem de ___. | Este plato se llama ___ y viene de ___. |
| The main ingredients are ___. | Ana malzemeleri ___. | Os ingredientes principais são ___. | Los ingredientes principales son ___. |
| It is cooked by ___ing it. | ___ yöntemiyle pişiriliyor. | É preparado ___ndo. | Se cocina ___. |
| In ___ it is made with ___, but in ___ it is made with ___. | ___ ülkesinde ___ ile yapılıyor, ama ___ ülkesinde ___ ile yapılıyor. | Em ___ é feito com ___, mas em ___ é feito com ___. | En ___ se hace con ___, pero en ___ se hace con ___. |
| The thing that changes between them is ___. | Aralarındaki fark ___. | O que muda entre eles é ___. | Lo que cambia entre ellos es ___. |
| The thing that stays the same is ___. | Aynı kalan şey ___. | O que continua igual é ___. | Lo que sigue igual es ___. |
| People eat it at ___ (a time, a holiday, an event). | İnsanlar bunu ___ zamanında yiyor. | As pessoas comem isso em ___. | La gente lo come en ___. |
| My family makes something like this. We call it ___. | Benim ailem de buna benzer bir şey yapıyor. Biz ona ___ diyoruz. | Minha família faz algo parecido. A gente chama de ___. | Mi familia hace algo parecido. Lo llamamos ___. |
| My source is ___. | Kaynağım ___. | Minha fonte é ___. | Mi fuente es ___. |

### For the project reflection (Lesson 6.17)

| English | Turkish | Portuguese | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|
| Our plan said ___. What happened was ___. | Planımız ___ dedi. Olan şey ___ oldu. | Nosso plano dizia ___. O que aconteceu foi ___. | Nuestro plan decía ___. Lo que pasó fue ___. |
| We were supposed to serve at minute ___. We actually served at minute ___. | ___. dakikada servis yapmalıydık. Gerçekte ___. dakikada yaptık. | Devíamos servir no minuto ___. Na verdade servimos no minuto ___. | Debíamos servir en el minuto ___. En realidad servimos en el minuto ___. |
| Our critical path was ___, and it ___ (held / slipped). | Kritik yolumuz ___ idi ve ___ (tuttu / kaydı). | Nosso caminho crítico foi ___, e ele ___ (funcionou / atrasou). | Nuestra ruta crítica fue ___, y ___ (funcionó / se retrasó). |
| It cost $___ per person. We planned $___. | Kişi başı ___ dolara geldi. ___ dolar planlamıştık. | Custou $___ por pessoa. Planejamos $___. | Costó $___ por persona. Planeamos $___. |
| The difference is $___, and the reason is ___. | Fark ___ dolar ve sebebi ___. | A diferença é $___, e o motivo é ___. | La diferencia es $___, y la razón es ___. |
| Next time I would change ___ in block ___. | Bir dahaki sefere ___. bölümde ___ değiştirirdim. | Na próxima vez eu mudaria ___ no bloco ___. | La próxima vez cambiaría ___ en el bloque ___. |
| If we changed that, ___ would get harder. | Bunu değiştirirsek ___ daha zor olurdu. | Se mudássemos isso, ___ ficaria mais difícil. | Si cambiáramos eso, ___ sería más difícil. |
| One thing our station did well was ___. | İstasyonumuzun iyi yaptığı bir şey ___. | Uma coisa que nossa estação fez bem foi ___. | Algo que nuestra estación hizo bien fue ___. |
| One thing I would tell somebody at home about this meal is ___. | Bu yemek hakkında evdeki birine söyleyeceğim bir şey ___. | Uma coisa que eu contaria para alguém em casa sobre esta refeição é ___. | Algo que le contaría a alguien en casa sobre esta comida es ___. |